RESUMEN
Bromeliad phytotelmata: the first scientometric study Bromeliads are plants predominantly found in the Neotropical Region, with high diversity of species and wide distribution. Some representatives of this family have the ability to form phytotelma environments through the accumulation of water and organic matter, serving as substrate and food for a variety of organisms. Here, a scientometric analysis was carried out to show trends in scientific work on bromeliad phytotelmata and the importance of these microcosms for the maintenance of biodiversity. The papers were analyzed using the Thomson Reuters, Scopus and Scielo databases between the years 1970 and 2021. Information was sought on the years of publications, geographic regions, countries, article design (descriptive, predictive, experimental, review), focus (ecological, biological, molecular), and ecological level of study (organism, population, community and ecosystem). South America presented the highest number of works developed with the subject and also with researchers involved. Most studies presented predictive designs focusing on community ecology. Insecta, followed by Crustacea and Anura, were the most studied groups of organisms. The results contribute to a better understanding of biodiversity in bromeliad phytotelmata, pointing out gaps and trends in research directed at these natural microcosms.
RESUMEN
The shortage of PFF2, N95, and KN95 respirators and their equivalents for the respiratory protection of the population and health professionals during COVID-19 pandemic has driven the adoption of alternative measures to address the lack of personal protective equipment (PPE). The use of surgical masks, handmade masks, and even the prolonged use of respirators were some of the measures adopted in response to the high demand for these products, and their consequent shortage. In this context, the present study evaluated the microbiota and integrity of reused PFF2 respirators in the central sterile services department of a hospital. Respirators that had been used for 0 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 36 h were sampled for the inoculation and cultivation of fungi and bacteria and the identification of their microbiota. To assess the integrity of the respirators, a filtration efficiency assessment test was conducted of the respirators used for 36 h. The results obtained showed that the microbiota of the respirators comprised commensal fungi and bacteria from the oral and nasal regions of human beings. It was also found that after 36 h of use, the respirators did not demonstrate a decrease in filtration efficiency;that is, they retained their 97% filtration efficiency. Considering the findings regarding the presence and pathogenicity of microorganisms, it is possible that the reuse of respirators for up to 36 h does not harm the health of immunocompetent users. In terms of PPE efficiency, no compromises were evidenced.
RESUMEN
Article 157 of the Brazilian Civil Code states that "lesion occurs when a person, under grounds of necessity, or due to inexperience, agrees to perform an overtly disproportional obligation in face of the value of the opposite obligation”. By analyzing such article, it is certain that there is no mention of either an intention to commit fraud by one of the parties or to economically exploit their counterpart (dolo de aproveitamento), an aspect that is usually neglected by legal scholarship and precedents in Brazil. In this sense, the purpose of this paper is to criticize the literal interpretation of such provision, while taking into consideration the legal scholarship views that include such malicious intent as a requirement to the occurrence of lesion. This paper shall focus on the study of "lesion” as defined in the Brazilian Civil Code and shall not analyze "lesion” as established under the Brazilian Consumer Law. The paper shall also bring examples of situations, including some of those which have risen in the context of Covid-19 pandemic. In order to set the proper framework for the analysis, the paper shall investigate the legal framework of lesion in contract law in several jurisdictions, specially in Italy, France, the US, Austria, Germany and Portugal, as well as UNIDROIT regulations. In sequence, the paper shall promote an analysis of lesion under the lens of law and economics, with an economic perspective on the contract holdup doctrine. Finally, the paper concludes that there are two possible alternatives for the understanding of lesion in Brazilian law. Both alternatives have in common the need for well-defined ownership rights in the Brazilian legal system, while overcoming the interpretation set forth on Statement (Enunciado) 150 of the Brazilian Federal Justice Council or demanding legislative initiative to rewrite article 157 in order to address the issue analyzed herein. © 2022, Thomson Reuters Brasil Conteudo e Tecnologia. All rights reserved.
RESUMEN
This article appears as an essential contribution for decision-makers in the Cape Verdean tourism sector given the impact that the number of overnight stays has on the economy of the country and the Sal Island, which until 2018 had been increasing every year. Since seasonality is a strong feature of the island’s tourism, decision-makers are interested in knowing the seasonal variation in tourism demand. Thus, this study focussed on the application of the Box-Jenkins method to the time series of the monthly number of nights stays in tourist establishments on the Sal Island, Cape Verde, over the period from January 2000 to December 2018, to find a model that better describes the series and with good forecast results for the year 2019. Several SARIMA models were studied using the Box-Jenkins method, with the SARIMA (1, 1, 1 ) (0, 1, 1 ) 12 and the SARIMA (2, 1, 0 ) (0, 1, 1 ) 12 demonstrating the best predictive performance in the test phase. However, in forecasting the series for the year 2019, the SARIMA (2, 1, 0 ) (0, 1, 1 ) 12 achieved the best results with a MAPE = 6.77%. This model can be used to simulate and analyze the number of overnight stays that be expected on the Island, if the tourism sector was not affected by the pandemic caused by COVID-19. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
RESUMEN
Objetivo: COVID-19 tornou-se a maior crise de saúde da história recente, com desafios complexos de saúde em ambientes de linha de frente e de cuidados intensivos, ou na assistência a pacientes com doenças crônicas e câncer. As neoplasias hematológicas (NH) representam um fator adicional de gravidade para COVID-19: foram relatadas taxas de mortalidade de 21% a 62% para pacientes com NH infectados. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a incidência e gravidade de COVID-19 em pacientes internados com NH. Métodos: Análise retrospectiva dos prontuários eletrônicos de pacientes internados no Hospital Municipal São José (HMSJ) em Joinville, Brasil. Foi selecionado o período de um ano, considerando que o primeiro caso COVID-19 em Joinville foi notificado em 13 de março. A transmissão local era inicialmente incomum. Foi necessário o diagnóstico de NH segundo a classificação da OMS e a internação hospitalar por mais de 48 horas. Foram incluídos no estudo cento e dezessete pacientes consecutivos internados com NH e 152 internados consecutivos no período de um ano anterior ao COVID-19 em Joinville foram incluídos. As medidas analisadas foram: mortalidade e incidência de COVID-19, a gravidade do quadro clínico e eventos trombóticos. Resultados: A incidência cumulativa de COVID-19 para pacientes internados com NH foi de 25%, com um teste positivo para COVID-19 a cada 73 dias de paciente-hospital. Muito provavelmente, a transmissão nosocomial foi observada em 19 casos (66%). A quimioterapia foi administrada dentro de 30 dias do início dos sintomas em 19 pacientes (66%). Neutropenia e trombocitopenia graves foram observadas em 10 (34%) e 13 (45%) pacientes, respectivamente. Para pacientes internados com NH com e sem COVID-19, os diagnósticos mais comuns foram leucemia aguda (34% e 23%, respectivamente;p = 0,23), linfoma (28% e 34%;p = 0,65) e mieloma múltiplo (10% e 18%;p = 0,4). COVID-19 grave foi estabelecido em 22 pacientes (76%), com 16 (55%) internações na unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) e 19 óbitos (66%). Eventos trombóticos foram relatados em 6 pacientes. Trombocitopenia grave impediu a anticoagulação terapêutica ou profilática em 11 pacientes (50%). A mortalidade hospitalar foi de 66% para pacientes com NH internados, contra 32% para pacientes com NH sem COVID-19 (p = 0,002) e 23% para pacientes com NH no período de um ano imediatamente anterior a pandemia pela COVID-19 (p < 0,001). Conclusão: A incidência cumulativa de COVID-19 em pacientes internados com NH e a maior mortalidade neste período de um ano são muito alarmantes. Apesar de os esforços de vacinação estarem em expansão em todo o mundo, é incerto se os cuidados hospitalares para NH continuarão sem a preocupação recorrente de transmissão para pacientes internados. Estudos colaborativos relatando sobre os resultados COVID-19 de pacientes internados com HM são necessários para orientar as decisões nesta população.
RESUMEN
Introduction: According to ANVISA, hands are the main source of transmission and dissemination of microorganisms, both for patients and for nursing professionals who work. One of the most used precautions as prevention of Covid19 was precisely the hygiene of the hands.
RESUMEN
The Tourism Area Life Cycle destination goes through different phases from its exploration until its decline or rejuvenation. The knowledge about these different phases allows the improvement of investment decisions by the private sector or by the government, in a context of challenges and opportunities. The main objective of this study was to verify in which phase the Island of Sal and Cape Verde were at an individual and competitive level during the period 2010–2018, considering the Tourism Development Index (TDI). To calculate the TDI, destinations with the same ‘sun and beach’ market were chosen, such as the Dominican Republic, Morocco, Tunisia and the Canary Islands, because they compete for the same European market and their geographical proximity to this market;data from government and non-government sources were used. It was concluded that the Island of Sal is in the Development phase, the same phase as that of Cape Verde. As for competitiveness, they are in the exploration and stagnation phase, both needing to increase the TDI to 48% and 43%, respectively to reach the involvement phase. For the calculation of the TDI, data from Cape Verde can be used to analyse the Sal Island index and vice versa. Strategic policies must be considered in the long term, incorporating information on the relative positions of direct competitors and unexpected events such as COVID 19, which can be seen as an opportunity to diversify the offer, create new segments and discover new inbound markets. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
RESUMEN
Objective: to describe the epidemiological profile of children infected by the new coronavirus from the notifications of cases to the Ministry of Health. Method: epidemiological, cross-sectional, and descriptive study, carried out through the notifications in the Epidemiological Surveillance Information System of Influenza from the first to the twentieth epidemiological week of 2021. Notifications from children aged zero to nine years were included. Variables were analyzed using bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression. Results: 3,041 cases were notified, among which 414 (13.6%) confirmed the diagnosis of COVID-19. Children between six and nine years old were 1.33 times more likely to develop COVID-19 and be admitted to the intensive care unit (CR=1.46;CI: 1.12-1.87) and had a greater chance (CR=3.30;CI: 1.92-5.66) of dying. Conclusion: the findings contribute to guide and modulate interventions aimed at mitigating transmission and control of aggravations about COVID-19 in children. © 2022, Universidade Federal do Parana. All rights reserved.